Jeg har lĂŠst et magasin, der har afrofuturisme som tema! Nedenfor fĂžlger bl.a. mine noter.
Science Fiction Studies
#102 = Volume 34, Part 2 = July 2007
SPECIAL ISSUE ON #AFROFUTURISM
https://www.depauw.edu/sfs/covers/cov102.htm
Edited by Mark Bould and Rone Shavers

Mark Bould. The Ships Landed Long Ago: Afrofuturism and Black SF
(Intro.) NÄr vi dyrker en fremtid uden racisme, sÄ kan sf ikke diskutere racisme. NÄr vore efterkommere er racistiske overfor grÞnne marsboere eller robotter, sÄ kan sf ikke diskutere den konkrete racisme mod sorte.
Luke Cage (1972) kan diskutere nogle ting, fordi han er en sort superhelt.
Mark Sinker diskuterede sort sf i bladet The Wire, men ogsÄ sort musik. Det er ikke tilfÊldigt, at Zion danser vildt, lige fÞr maskinerne kommer. (Matrix.)
Fordi det her er en intro, sĂ„ skal vi ogsĂ„ lige forbi en definition af afrofuturisme: âAfrofuturism, described by Dery as “speculative fiction that treats African-American themes and addresses African-American concerns in the context of 20th-century technoculture – and, more generally, African-American signification that appropriates images of technology and a prosthetically enhanced future” […].â SĂ„ Dery mener altsĂ„, at man ikke kommer udenom det amerikanske.
Wikipedia siger i Ăžvrigt det her: âAfrofuturism is a cultural aesthetic, philosophy of science, and philosophy of history that explores the developing intersection of African Diaspora culture with technology. It was coined by Mark Dery in 1994 […].â
Isiah Lavender, III. Ethnoscapes: Environment and Language in Ishmael Reedâs Mumbo Jumbo, Colson Whiteheadâs The Intuitionist, and Samuel R. Delanyâs Babel-17
Abstract. — In this essay, I start from some of the central concerns of Afrofuturism to investigate the ubiquity of race in sf. I map out a novel way to think about the various environments that sf provides as well as a way to think about characterization in sf semblances. I argue that social interactions, technology, and physical surroundings all contribute to the systematic nature of a racialized environmentâwhat I term an ethnoscape. Sf ethnoscapes can both fabricate racial difference and reconceive it. The concept of the ethnoscape helps us unpack the racial or ethnic environments that sf can posit or assume. I explore Ishmael Reedâs Mumbo Jumbo (1972), a marginally sf work, as a fabulist ethnoscape; Colson Whiteheadâs The Intuitionist (1990) as a counterfactual ethnoscape; and Samuel R. Delanyâs Babel-17 (1966) as a linguistic ethnoscape.
“The blunt thesis underlying Afrofuturism is that all black cultural production in the New World is sf.” ???
“Confirming white identity by denying black identity. Therefore black experience in America is defined by alienation: âBlack people live the estrangement that science fiction writers imagine.â ”
“⊠feminist sf might be credited with laying the groundwork for race reading in sf.”
I Mumbo Jumbo er der en virus, Jes Grew, der symboliserer soul. De ramte fÄr mere energi og begynder at synge og danse.
The Intuitionist handler om elevator-kontrollÞrer, der bruger intuition hhv. empiri til deres job. Hovedpersonen er fÞrste sorte, kvindelige kontrollÞr i sin by. Hun bruger intuition, der bliver skÊldt ud for at vÊre voodoo og heksekunst. Det er de hvide, der ejer elevatorerne, og de sorte kan risikere at sidde fast i kÊlderen. Sorte kan bruge teknologi, men kun sÄdan som de hvide foreskriver.
Babel-17 handler om sprog. Signifikansen her er vist, at sorte bliver tvunget til at tale (og tĂŠnke) som hvide.
Darryl A. Smith. Droppinâ Science Fiction: Signification and Singularity in the Metapocalypse of Du Bois, Baraka, and Bell
Abstract. — This essay presents the argument that black speculative fiction can be construed generally as a dialectical riposte to the broader sf megatext. Specifically, I argue, black sf can be understood as refiguring in apocalyptic terms the so-called Spike (or Singularity) as posited by an important quarter of the Anglo-European sf tradition through the critical inversion of this idea by African-American sf. Consideration is also given to the relevant discourse on the posthuman within the genre. To these ends, I focus on the speculative fiction of W.E.B. Du Bois, Amiri Baraka, and Derrick Bell, paying particular attention to both explicit and implicit expressions of this inverted Spike in each, which tend to disrupt dominant paradigms of reality. I draw substantially on the critical signification theory articulated by Ralph Ellison and substantially elaborated by Henry Louis Gates, Jr
NÄr ord Êndrer betydning og mennesker bytter roller:
White patrol officer: Evening, there. Say, are you lost, son?
Young, black man: This is America, officer. Of course I’m lost.
Og her skal vi lige snakke om âThe Cometâ. đđ» Den sorte mand kan sendes ned i den farlige kĂŠlder. Han er ikke vĂŠrdsat. Efter et vist punkt kan man kun falde dybere ned i et sort hul. PĂ„ samme mĂ„de kan nogle ikke undslippe nedstigningen til kĂŠlderen.
Her hopper vi lige. Sorte huller. Schwarzschild. Sort skjold. KĂŠlderen viser sig at vĂŠre en tryg bunker, fordi den er mĂžrk!
Og sĂ„ handler det om âRhythm Travelâ. Ikke alene er novellens Rhythm Traveller i familie med Wellsâ Time Traveller, vi har ogsĂ„ et nyt eksempel pĂ„ at vĂŠre dybt nede, den her gang i en brĂžnd.
Endelig har vi âThe Space Tradersâ. Problemet er en flok rumvĂŠsner i kredslĂžb om Jorden, der vil kĂžbe alle USA’s sorte. Her kan vi spekulere lidt over hovedpersonen Golightly, hvis navn rimer pĂ„ lys og hvid, foruden let. Men derudover har rumskibene sorte lastrum. Endnu et skib, endnu en pĂ„tvunget rejse.
Mark Bould. Come Alive by Saying No: An Introduction to Black Power SF
Abstract. — This essay considers a group of novels from the 1960s and 1970s about African-American revolution, by Barry Beckham, Nivi-kofi A. Easley, Sam Greenlee, Chester Himes, Blyden Jackson, William Melvin Kelley, John O. Killens, Warren Miller, Julian Moreau, Chuck Stone, John Edgar Wideman, and John A. Williams as examples of black power sf. It focuses in particular on their inability to imagine a post-revolutionary future, and the strategies they adopt in place of more conventional sf techniques of extrapolationâsuch as refusal, immanentization, veil-rending, and pornotopianismâin order to narrativize the problem of what Walter Mosley has characterized as breaking the chains of (white) reality.
Detaljerne: William Melvin Kelley’s A Different Drummer (1962); Warren Miller’s The Siege of Harlem (1964); John A. Williams’s The Man Who Cried I Am (1967), Sons of Darkness, Sons of Light (1969), and Captain Blackman (1972); John O. Killens’s ‘Sippi (1967); Julian Moreau’s The Black Commandos (1967); Sam Greenlee’s The Spook Who Sat By the Door (1969); Chuck Stone’s King Strut (1970); Barry Beckham’s Runner Mack (1972); Blyden Jackson’s Operation Burning Candle (1973); John Edgar Wideman’s The Lynchers (1973); Nivi-kofi A. Easley’s The Militants (1974); and Chester Himes’s Plan B (written 1969-1972; published 1983).
Hvordan kan en fremtid se ud i disse bĂžger?
- De sorte slagter nogle af de hvide og bliver sĂ„ selv udryddet. âč
- De sorte starter en revolution, der inkluderer at gĂžre grin med nogle af de hvide.
- De sorte spankulerer med hÞjt hÊvet hoved, i hvert fald nÄr de ikke gÄr i vejen for hvide.
- En sort opdager 10 landes plan om at forhindre Afrikas lande i at danne en union og USA’s plan om at forberede sig pĂ„ den mulige racekrig. Skal han sige det til nogen, gĂžre noget?
- En sort hyrer en snigmorder til at myrde fx skydegale hvide politifolk, der ikke bliver dĂžmt for at myrde sorte.
- Lyse sorte infiltrerer USA’s hĂŠr og fĂ„r dermed magten over den, sĂ„ den ikke kan blive brugt mod sorte. Samtidig bliver der opbygget en hĂŠr i Afrika.
- Refusal. Fx at alle sorte forlader en sydlig delstat i USA, uden at forklare hvorfor. De vil bare ikke mere.
- Immanentization. Fx at en sort opnÄr superstyrke og -intelligens for sig selv og andre. Der skal ikke sÄ meget til at vÊkke det, der allerede er i dem.
- Veil-rending. Fx at udfÞre en handling, der er sÄ voldsom, at alle sorte nÞdvendigvis mÄ vÄgne og frigÞre sig.
- Pornotopianism. Fx at lederen af en gruppe sorte, der krÊver hÊvn over en hvid politibetjent, primÊrt opnÄr at have en masse sex (med hvide kvinder), uden at pege pÄ, hvordan en bedre fremtid ville se ud.
Sherryl Vint. âOnly by Experienceâ: Embodiment and the Limitations of Realism in Neo-Slave Narratives
Abstract. — This essay positions Octavia Butlerâs Kindred and Toni Morrisonâs Beloved within the slave narrative tradition, focusing specifically on issues of embodiment and authenticity. It argues that the fantastic elements in these novels demonstrate the limitations of realist representation and official discourse for capturing the subjective experience of slavery, while simultaneously revealing the importance of understanding such devices in relation to literatures of both the fantastic and the African-American canon. Both novels reveal the degree to which the consequences of slavery continue to disturb American culture, largely because this history has not been acknowledged and accepted. Through their emphasis on embodiment and the healing made possible by overcoming mind/body dualism, Butler and Morrison challenge the liberal-humanist model of subjectivity and argue for a model of self-in-connection consistent with the self expressed in nineteenth-century slave narratives
Hvis man afviser Kindred og lignende som science fiction, sĂ„ siger man ogsĂ„ âdu bĂžr kunne fortĂŠlle dine historier i min ramme, altid, uanset hvem du erâ. Hvis man afviser det sentimentale, sĂ„ afskĂŠrer man muligheden for, at en lĂŠser kan fĂžle sig som personen i bogen, fx en slave.
Butler skriver om en kvinde, der lĂŠrer, hvor nemt det er at blive objekt. Morrison skriver om en kvinde, der lĂŠrer at blive subjekt.
Jillana Enteen. âOn the Receiving End of the Colonizationâ: Nalo Hopkinsonâs âNansi Web
Abstract. — In the 1980s, cyberpunk helped to revitalize interest in science fiction among academic and popular audiences. The genre offers a singular vision of the imminent production and deployment of technology in the service of capitalism writ large. In this essay, I argue for a broader vision of cyberpunk, including the novels of authors situated âon the receiving end of the colonization,â particularly Nalo Hopkinson, whose future visions render visible current socio-economic inequities and increase the cultural repository of ideas that inspire technological development. Nalo Hopkinsonâs Midnight Robber (2000) fashions unconventional scenarios premised on technological development and provides unorthodox versions of future societies. Hopkinson combines English with Trinidadian and Jamaican creole, âhackingâ a language that recalls the histories of the middle passage, slavery, and imperialism. Her characters break and create code, âhackingâ in speech as well as through their conceptions of community. Centered on a feminine Artificial Intelligence commanding a planet and its inhabitants, Midnight Robber challenges the genre conventions of cyberpunk, revealing its ideological underpinnings, and complicates popular accounts of the intersections of gender, technology, and corporate presence.
Om cyberpunk, og altsÄ i 2007:
âAs Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., complained nearly twenty years ago, how many formulaic tales can one wade through in which a self-destructive but sensitive young protagonist with an (implant/prosthesis/telechtronic talent) that makes the evil (megacorporations/police states/criminal underworlds) pursue him through (wasted urban landscapes/elite luxury enclaves/eccentric space stations) full of grotesque (haircuts/clothes/self-mutilations/rock music/sexual hobbies/ designer drugs/telechtronic gadgets/nasty new weapons/exteriorized hallucinations) representing the (mores/fashions) of modern civilization in terminal decline, ultimately hooks up with rebellious and tough-talking (youth/artificial intelligence/rock cults) who offer the alternative, not of (community/socialism/ traditional values/transcendental vision), but of supreme, life-affirming hipness, going with the flow which now flows in the machine, against the specter of a world-subverting (artificial intelligence/multinational corporate web/evil genius)?â
HĂŠ.
Det lyder, som om Hopkinsons blandede engelsk ville vĂŠre svĂŠrt at oversĂŠtte.
Midnight Robber lyder spĂŠndende og helt anderledes. En helt anden slags cyberpunk, hvor bl.a. samarbejde betyder meget.
Nabeel Zuberi. Is This The Future? Black Music and Technology Discourse
Abstract. — As a dispersed assemblage of ideas and aesthetics, sonic Afrofuturism operates across the porous borders between and among music, sf, the academy, journalism, and the blogosphere. In this article I am interested in the value of these rhetorics for media studies. In particular, how can writing that focuses on the materiality of music inform our understanding of the technological changes associated with digitization? I will argue that music forms, commodities, and practices provide ample evidence of the continuities as well as discontinuities in the mediascape. Todayâs popular music culture is marked by the mediations of the past, even as recorded sounds take on more informational characteristics. I also seek to ground the technological sublime of Afrofuturist poetics in the widespread social practices associated with records, sound-system dances, and music networks. Underpinning the sonic imagination in techno-centric writing and music-making are the quotidian practices of music cultures, the more âworldlyâ fictions behind âsonic fictions,â to borrow Kodwo Eshunâs suggestive adaptation of literary and visual sf for music recordings. This paper examines the material possibilities of techno-discourse for transnational media studies through a discussion of digital sampling, and points to the limitations of technological utopianism in relation to writing about music and black bodies.
Technostalgia er et godt ord. (Techno + nostalgia.) NÄr moderne musik fx inkluderer stÞj fra pickuppen pÄ en pladespiller.
Hauntology. SpĂžgelser. Der er et spĂžgelse i Beloved, og en zombie i âThrillerâ.
Og sÄ handler det i Þvrigt om en masse musik, jeg ikke kender.
(Herfra og frem er det boganmeldelser.)
Brownâs Black Superheroes (Joe Sutliff Sanders)
Det var godt for tegneserier generelt, at der kom et tegneserie-firma ejet af sorte.
Kevorkianâs The Black Face of Technology in America (Isiah Lavender, III)
FÞrst fÄr vi en liste med andre bÞger, man jo egentlig ogsÄ burde lÊse.
Lige prÊcis den her bog handler om en ny stereotyp: Programmering og den slags bÞr udfÞres af undermenneskene, sÄsom sorte mÊnd.
Hm. SĂ„ der er en grund til, at Neo (Matrix) ikke er fysisk stĂŠrk.
Spauldingâs History, the Fantastic, and the Postmodern Slave Narrative (Michelle Reid)
Eks-slaver skrev deres historier pĂ„ en bestemt mĂ„de til en bestemt mĂ„lgruppe. Moderne âhistoriske romanerâ kan vĂŠlge at gribe tingene an pĂ„ en anden mĂ„de.